Chapter XVII

THE Argentine Pampas extend from the thirty-fourth to the fortieth
degree of southern latitude.  The word PAMPA, of Araucanian origin,
signifies _grass plain_, and justly applies to the whole region.
The mimosas growing on the western part, and the substantial
herbage on the eastern, give those plains a peculiar appearance.
The soil is composed of sand and red or yellow clay, and this is
covered by a layer of earth, in which the vegetation takes root.
The geologist would find rich treasures in the tertiary strata here,
for it is full of antediluvian remains--enormous bones,
which the Indians attribute to some gigantic race that lived
in a past age.
The horses went on at a good pace through the thick
PAJA-BRAVA, the grass of the Pampas, _par excellence_, so high
and thick that the Indians find shelter in it from storms.
At certain distances, but increasingly seldom, there were wet,
marshy spots, almost entirely under water, where the
willows grew, and a plant called the _Gygnerium argenteum_.
Here the horses drank their fill greedily, as if bent
on quenching their thirst for past, present and future.
Thalcave went first to beat the bushes and frighten away
the cholinas, a most dangerous species of viper, the bite
of which kills an ox in less than an hour.
For two days they plodded steadily across this arid and deserted plain.
The dry heat became severe.  There were not only no RIOS,
but even the ponds dug out by the Indians were dried up.
As the drought seemed to increase with every mile, Paganel asked
Thalcave when he expected to come to water.
"At Lake Salinas," replied the Indian.
"And when shall we get there?"
"To-morrow evening."
When the Argentines travel in the Pampas they generally dig wells,
and find water a few feet below the surface.  But the travelers could
not fall back on this resource, not having the necessary implements.
They were therefore obliged to husband the small provision of water
they had still left, and deal it out in rations, so that if no one
had enough to satisfy his thirst no one felt it too painful.
They halted at evening after a course of thirty miles and eagerly looked
forward to a good night's rest to compensate for the fatigue of day.
But their slumbers were invaded by a swarm of mosquitoes, which allowed
them no peace.  Their presence indicated a change of wind which shifted
to the north.  A south or southwest wind generally puts to flight
these little pests.
Even these petty ills of life could not ruffle the Major's equanimity;
but Paganel, on the contrary, was perfectly exasperated by such
trifling annoyances.  He abused the poor mosquitoes desperately,
and deplored the lack of some acid lotion which would have eased
the pain of their stings.  The Major did his best to console
him by reminding him of the fact that they had only to do with
one species of insect, among the 300,000 naturalists reckon.
He would listen to nothing, and got up in a very bad temper.
He was quite willing to start at daybreak, however, for they had
to get to Lake Salinas before sundown.  The horses were tired out
and dying for water, and though their riders had stinted themselves
for their sakes, still their ration was very insufficient.
The drought was constantly increasing, and the heat none the less
for the wind being north, this wind being the simoom of the Pampas.
There was a brief interruption this day to the monotony
of the journey.  Mulrady, who was in front of the others,
rode hastily back to report the approach of a troop
of Indians.  The news was received with very different feelings
by Glenarvan and Thalcave.  The Scotchman was glad of the chance
of gleaning some information about his shipwrecked countryman,
while the Patagonian hardly cared to encounter the nomadic
Indians of the prairie, knowing their bandit propensities.
He rather sought to avoid them, and gave orders to his party
to have their arms in readiness for any trouble.
Presently the nomads came in sight, and the Patagonian
was reassured at finding they were only ten in number.
They came within a hundred yards of them, and stopped.
This was near enough to observe them distinctly.
They were fine specimens of the native races, which had
been almost entirely swept away in 1833 by General Rosas,
tall in stature, with arched forehead and olive complexion.
They were dressed in guanaco skins, and carried lances twenty
feet long, knives, slings, bolas, and lassos, and, by their
dexterity in the management of their horses, showed themselves
to be accomplished riders.
They appeared to have stopped for the purpose of holding a council
with each other, for they shouted and gesticulated at a great rate.
Glenarvan determined to go up to them; but he had no sooner moved forward
than the whole band wheeled round, and disappeared with incredible speed.
It would have been useless for the travelers to attempt to overtake
them with such wornout horses.
"The cowards!" exclaimed Paganel.
"They scampered off too quick for honest folks," said McNabbs.
"Who are these Indians, Thalcave?" asked Paganel.
"Gauchos."
"The Gauchos!" cried Paganel; and, turning to his companions,
he added, "we need not have been so much on our guard;
there was nothing to fear."
"How is that?" asked McNabbs.
"Because the Gauchos are inoffensive peasants."
"You believe that, Paganel?"
"Certainly I do.  They took us for robbers, and fled in terror."
"I rather think they did not dare to attack us," replied Glenarvan,
much vexed at not being able to enter into some sort of communication
with those Indians, whatever they were.
"That's my opinion too," said the Major, "for if I am
not mistaken, instead of being harmless, the Gauchos are
formidable out-and-out bandits."
"The idea!" exclaimed Paganel.
And forthwith commenced a lively discussion of this ethnological thesis--
so lively that the Major became excited, and, quite contrary to his
usual suavity, said bluntly:
"I believe you are wrong, Paganel."
"Wrong?" replied Paganel.
"Yes.  Thalcave took them for robbers, and he knows what
he is talking about."
"Well, Thalcave was mistaken this time," retorted Paganel,
somewhat sharply.  "The Gauchos are agricul-turists and shepherds,
and nothing else, as I have stated in a pamphlet on the natives
of the Pampas, written by me, which has attracted some notice."
"Well, well, you have committed an error, that's all, Monsieur Paganel."
"What, Monsieur McNabbs! you tell me I have committed an error?"
"An inadvertence, if you like, which you can put among the ERRATA
in the next edition."
Paganel, highly incensed at his geographical knowledge being brought
in question, and even jested about, allowed his ill-humor to get
the better of him, and said:
"Know, sir, that my books have no need of such ERRATA."
"Indeed!  Well, on this occasion they have, at any rate,"
retorted McNabbs, quite as obstinate as his opponent.
"Sir, I think you are very annoying to-day."
"And I think you are very crabbed."
Glenarvan thought it was high time to interfere, for the discussion
was getting too hot, so he said:
"Come, now, there is no doubt one of you is very teasing and the other
is very crabbed, and I must say I am surprised at both of you."
The Patagonian, without understanding the cause, could see
that the two friends were quarreling.  He began to smile,
and said quietly:
"It's the north wind."
"The north wind," exclaimed Paganel; "what's the north wind
to do with it?"
"Ah, it is just that," said Glenarvan.  "It's the north wind that has
put you in a bad temper.  I have heard that, in South America,
the wind greatly irritates the nervous system."
"By St. Patrick, Edward you are right," said the Major, laughing heartily.
But Paganel, in a towering rage, would not give up the contest,
and turned upon Glenarvan, whose intervention in this jesting
manner he resented.
"And so, my Lord, my nervous system is irritated?" he said.
"Yes, Paganel, it is the north wind--a wind which causes many a crime
in the Pampas, as the TRAMONTANE does in the Campagna of Rome."
"Crimes!" returned the geographer.  "Do I look like a man
that would commit crimes?"
"That's not exactly what I said."
"Tell me at once that I want to assassinate you?"
"Well, I am really afraid," replied Glenarvan, bursting into
an uncontrollable fit of laughter, in which all others joined.
Paganel said no more, but went off in front alone, and came
back in a few minutes quite himself, as if he had completely
forgotten his grievance.
At eight o'clock in the evening, Thalcave, who was considerably in
advance of the rest, descried in the distance the much-desired lake,
and in less than a quarter of an hour they reached its banks;
but a grievous disappointment awaited them--the lake was dried up.