Lesson 23
Simple Sanskrit – Lesson 23
सरलं संस्कृतम् – त्रिविंशतितमः पाठः |
Last among matrices of स्वरसन्धि-s is Matrix 4 for the rows of ए, ऐ, ओ, औ. Although this is the order, in which one learns these vowels, for learning संधि-s, they are better put in the sequence ए, ओ and ऐ, औ. The logic is that although all four are conjoint vowels, ए, ओ are of गुण-character and ऐ, औ are of वृद्धि-character.
The general rule for these संधि-s is by the सूत्रम् एचोऽयवायावः। (६/१/७८).
संधि-s as per this rule are also called as यान्तावान्तादेशसन्धि-s.
However for vowels, ए, ओ of गुण-character there is one more rule, of two specific applications and in those instances supersedes the general rule.
The rule of specific applications is एङः पदान्तादति। (६/१/१०९). संधि-s as per this rule are also called as पूर्वरूपसंधि-s.
Specifics of the applications are -
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The first word has ending vowel ए or ओ
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At the beginning of the second word the vowel is अ.
The procedure is ए, ओ stay and the following अ becomes silent, is not pronounced. But its presence is indicated by a symbol ऽ called as अवग्रहः
In the Matrix 4, these instances are marked with fill color red and are detailed in two special rows for ए and ओ. There being only two specific instances, the examples are given in the Matrix 4 below in rows with fill colors orange and green.
The instances for the general rule would be 54 (4 rows x 14 columns – 2 special instances = 54). It will be appreciated that it is difficult to give examples of all possible 54 संधि-s within the matrix itself. These are compiled here.
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